iNdabuko yoMhlaba nesiSuka soMlando weSizwe samaJuda
AmaJuda lezi zincwadi ezinhlanu ezihlelwé zaba sekuqaleni kwebhaybheli – uGenesisi kuya kuDutheronomi – azibiza ngokuthi uMthetho, okuthiwa ngesiHebheru yi-„Thora“. Zaziwa futhi ngolwimi lwesiGrikhi ngokuthi ziyi-„Pentateuch“, okungukuthi ngumqulu oqukethe izincwadi ezinhlanu, nguNcwadi-nhlanu.
iMpilo noMlando
UNcwadi-nhlanu uqukethe izilayelo nemithetho isizwe soPhezukonke okufanele siqhube ngayo: imiLayelo eyiShumi kanye nephathelene nokuhlelwa kwempilo yansukuzonke kanye neyokudumisa nokukhonza. Le mithetho ibumbene yahlangana nomlando omudekazi wendabuko yesizwe sakwaIzrayeli okutholakala kuwo ingxoxo enzulu nendala kunazo zonke ezaziwayo ngendabuko nangomlando wesintu nendalo yomhlaba.
uGenesisi
uGenesisi isahluko sokuqala kuya kweseshumi nanye [Gen 1-11] uxoxa ngokudalwa komhlaba nangendabuko yesintu. Umhlaba wayewudalé waba muhle uMvelingqangi, ubugovu nobuhlongandlebe besintu bawona kusuka-nje phansi. UGenesisi isahluko seshumi nambili kuya kwesamashumi amahlanu [Gen 12-50] uxoxa nethuba uMdali alivezela isintu lokuthatha unyawo olusha kuhanjiswana noAbhraham noYisaka noJakobe, okhokho besizwe uSmakade azibizela waziqoqela sona esikhipha kwelaseGibhithe.
Kusukela kuEksodusi kuya kuDuthoronomi
Kulezi zincwadi ezine kuxoxwa ikakhulukazi ngoMosi. Lezi zincwadi zixoxa ngokuphuma kwesizwe esasikade sikhululwé kwelaseGibhithe [„ukuphuma“ ngolwimi lwesiLathini kuthiwa „exodus“], ziqhubeke zixoxe ngokuhlangana noPhezukonke entabeni iSinayi, neFindo lesiVumelwano oPhezukonke alibopha nesizwe ayezibumbela sona, ukwethulwa kwemiYalelo eyiShumi kanye neminye imithetho nezeluleko, zixoxe ngokwakhiwa kweDokodokazi, esesilazi ngokuthi yiThabanakeli, nangeminyaka engamashumi amane (40) okuthiwa uIzrayeli wayethubeleza kuyo entunga ehlane ngaphambi kokuze angene ezweni okuthiwa wayelethenjisiwe.
uNcwadi-nhlanu – uNdaba-nye
Izincwadi ezinhlanu ezisekuqaleni kwebhaybheli empeleni zisixoxela indaba eyodwa-nje. Zisikhombisa ukuthi uqhuba kanjani uMvelingqangi: Akagcini-nje ngokudala izulu nomhlaba, uzibizela abathile kanye nesizwe esithile ukuze bamazise, bamkhonze, balethele umhlaba izibusiso zakhe.
Yileso naleso sizwe sasinemithetho yaso eyayiqoshwé phansi ngababusi saso ukuze yaziwe, igcinwe njalo-njalo; kanjalo-ke nakwesakwaIzrayeli: EyakwaIzrayeli imithetho iphathelene nendlela umphakathi okubhekeké ukuthi uqhube ngayo njengesizwe soPhezukonke esilandela intando Yakhe – umphakathi wonkana kanye nalowo nalowo okuwo. UMdali uqobo lwakhe nguyena owaziqokela ukuba kube nguye ongumbusi kaIzrayeli. Namuhla sekwejwayelekile ukuzibheka ngokwehlukene izingxenye zempilo nezemithetho ephathelene nazo – kwezokwakhelana nokuhlalisana ngokubonelelana nokwazisana, kwezenhlanzeko nezokwelapha nezokugoma nezempilo, kwezesimilo nokuzihlonipha nokuhloniphana nazo zonke-nje eziphathelene nenhlalakahle emphakathini. Kwakungenjalo ezikhathini eziphambili – kwakungenjalo kwelakwaIzrayeli. NemiYalelo eliShumi iphathelene nakho konke okuqondene nempilo yethu: oPhezukonke nokubuswa nguye, inhlalisano nokwazisana ekhaya nasemphakathini nasemhlabeni. Le miyalelo iphathelene nempilo jikelele: ubukholwa, iziko nekhaya, ubulili nezocansi, ubunini nenzuzo, ubuqotho nokwethembeka.
Kwake kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sekubuzwa uJesu ukuthi lo Mthetho okukhulunywa ngawo kwezenkolo uyini, waphendula ngokucaphuna emishweni emibili-nje (kuDutheronomi 6,5 nakuLevithikhusi 19,18), wathi: „Yazisa oPhezukonke, uMbusi wakho, ngenhliziyo yakho yonke nangokuzimisela kwakho konke nangengqondo yakho yonke.“ UJesu lokho ukubona kuwumthetho omkhulu nobaluleké ukwedlula yonke. Olingana nalowo uthi uJesu yilo: „Mthande yilowo nalowo omunye njengawe!“ (Mathewu 22,37-39).