iNcwadi “uDanyela”
ibhubesi elinolaka elifuywé umbusi kwelaseBhabhiloniLe ncwadi „uDanyela“ iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili ezahlukene: Izahluko eziyisithupha zokuqala sixoxa ngokophulwa nokusinda kukaDanyela nabangani bakhe besekudingisweni kwelaseBhabhiloni (okulinganiselwa ukuthi kwakuseminyakeni ephakathi kwenamakhulu ayisithupha nayisihlanu ngaphambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo, 600/500 ph.Khr.); kusukela esahlukweni sesikhombisa kuya kweseshumi nambili ngamaphupho nemibono kaDanyela eyayiphathelene nezikhathi okwakubikezelwa ukuthi ziyogcina zifikile langa lithize (njengephupho likaNebukhedineza esahlukweni sesibili elibonakala liyizibuko phakathi kwezingxenye zombili zale ncwadi).
Nòma le mibono iqala ngohlu lwemibuso yomhlaba emine ngokulandelana kwayo, okuzekelwa ngayo ngamafuphi-nje, igxila yenabe kabanzi impela-nje uma isiphathelene nezombuso wesine, kangangokuthi – ngaphandle kokudalula amagama athize – okushiwoyo kuze kugudlisele kwabathile ababaziwa engxenyeni yokuqala enkathini yaminyaka engamakhulu amabili phambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [200 ph.Khr.].
Isigigaba okuxoxwa kuphindelelwa ngaso: ukuhlushwa nokucindezelwa kwabankolo yobuJuda nokugciwazwa kwethempeli eJerusalema phansi kombusi uAntiyokhi wesiNe uEphifanu esikhathini esiphakathi konyaka wekhulu namashumi ayisithupha nesishiyagalombili kuya kowekhulu namashumi ayisithupha nesihlanu phambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [168-165 ph.Khr.], okwadala udlame okwakuviva kulo abakwaMakhabheya. Sengathi yinhloso yawo lo mbono ukubafaka umdlandla abakwaJuda ekucindezelweni abakukho ngokuveza ithemba ngokupheza kwezikhathi ezinzima osekusondele kanye nesikhathi sokungena kombuso woPhezukonke esesisondele.
Kumemukeli wale mibono lezi zehlakalo zibonakala zihlobene: Isehlulelo sikaSmakade ejezisa umbusi ozikhukhumezayo siphelekezelana nesehlulelo sikanqamula-juqu kubo bonke ububi jikelele. Le ndlela yokufinyezwa kwenkathi emlandweni womhlaba ijwayelekile emibhalweni ngenkonzo yabaphrofethi: Iso lengqondo yoboniswa ngale ndlela liyakufingqa likusondeze elikubonayo nòma khona ngokwempela kuqhelelene. Le ncwadi „uDanyela“ kungakho nje-ke ibonakala isondele nencwadi yokugcina ebhaybhelini, iSambulo kuJohani, lapho eminingi imifanekiso yayo ivezwa khona futhi bese idingidwa kabusha. Kuthathelwa encwadini yeSambulo kwakuzanywa ebandleni labakholwa ngokwenqubo yokulandela uJesu waseNazaretha, abenkolo yobuKhristu, ukuyiqonda nokuyichaza le mifanekiso kaDanyela; umbuso wesine okuzekeliswa ngawo lapho, ubuso kaAlekzanda, nemibuso eyalandelayo, abenkolo yobuKhristu bayiphendula emizamweni yabo bayibiza ngombuso waseRoma neyalandela wona.
Intshumayelo eyayidumile kwabakwaJuda, intshumayelo ngeNdodana yoNtu – umuntu phaqa – esahlukweni sesikhombisa, evesini lesithathu (Dan 7,3), kuhambé kwahamba yaqondakala ngokuthi: Ngaphezu kwethemba lokuthi uyogcina efikile uMesiya, umholi kwezombusazwe ongowozalo lukaDavida, oyowucandula kabusha umbuso wakwaIzrayeli, kwavela ithemba lokuthi uyogcina efikile oyobe ethunywé nguSmakade, oyokwahlulela ngegunya loPhezukonke, aphembe umbuso waphakade wokwazisana nokubonelelana ngokokudalwa ngokusha. Leli themba elihambisana negama elithi „iNdodana yoNtu“ kwahamba kwahamba lase lixhunyaniswa nempilo nenkonzo kaJesu waseNazaretha, uKhristu. (Bheka futhi nakuMakhu 2,10.27; 13,26; 14,62).
Le ncwadi „uDanyela“ ebhaybhelini ngokwesiHebheru ayihleliwe kanye nezabaphrofethi, ithathwa ngokuthi ihambisana ngokuthiwa „umBhalo“, okukhombisa ukuthi yemukeleka muva emqulwini wezincwadi ezingcwele. Ngale ndlela esiyazi ngayo namuhla kucatshangwa ukuthi yalotshwa noma yachitshelelwa enkathini yeminyaka engamakhulu amabili ngaphambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [200 ph.Khr.].
Okuqukethwe
uDanyela nabangani bakhe eBhabhiloni (izahluko 1-6)
uDanyela uboniswa ngekusasa 7-12
Umtapo: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia 2. Auflage; Die Lexikon-Bibel. ISBN 3-438-01653-2 ikhasi 917; https://www.biblia-zuluensis.de/ezisematheni/273-abakwelasebhabhiloni/
© Ben Khumalo-Seegelken, http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/