iNcwadi kaMichael Mahoney: The Other Zulus
"The Other Zulus"iNcwadi kaMichael Mahoney: The Other Zulus: Spread of Zulu-Ethnicity in Colonial South Africa [Durham | London: 201, amakhasi xiv + 292, ISBN 978 0 822 35309 6]
Incwadi yakhe ewumbiko ngocwaningo alwenzile ngokuthi kwaphembeka kanjani, nini, ukuzazi nokuzazisa njengesizwe kwabomdabu kwelinganeno nelingaphasheya koThukela – `ubuZulu´ – uMichael Mahoney uyivula ngomzamo wokwezeka umlando: Uthi ngonyaka wenkulungwane namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili namashumi ayisikhombisa nesishiyagalolunye [1879] izinsizwa ezithile zabomdabu kwelingezansi noThukela elase laziwa ngokuthi ngeloMbuso wamaNgisi kwelaseNatali, `British Colony of Natal´, zaphuthuma zayokwelekelela amasotsha ombuso wamaNgisi kuhlaselwa uMbuso wakwaZulu kuze kuketulwa iNkosi uCetshwayo kaMpande, iboshwa, idingiswa. Uthi-ke ngonyaka wenkulungwane namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye nesithupha [1906] lezo zinsizwa nòma-ke amadodana nabazukulu bazo baphendukela umbuso wamaNgisi eNatali bejutshwa yiNkosi yakwaZulu, bekhononda abanye babo benqaba ukukhokha intela yokuthelela ikhanda abombuso wamaNgisi abasebeyefuna kwabomdabu nganeno nangaphesheya koThukela. Uthi-ke kulesi sikhathi esiphakathi nalezi zigigaba zombili [1879 – 1906] phakathi kwabomdabu kwelaseNatali kwase kuvamile ukuthi bazibize ngokuthi bangamaZulu. Ngale ncwadi yakhe uzama ukuchaza ukuthi kwavezwa yini lokho akubiza ngokuthi kwakuyinguquko ekuzazini nasekuzaziseni kwalabo aloba ngabo.
Kwabacwaninga ngendabuko yeSizwe nangomlando woMbuso wakwaZulu kuvunyelwana ngokuthi ukuzazi nokuzazisa ngaqobo-lunye lobuZulu kwavela njengomphumela wezimpi ezaziphakwa zijutshwa nguShaka kaSenzangakhona kaJama [~1787-1828] engxenyeni yokuqala yeminyaka yenkulungwane namashumi ayisishiyagalombili [>1800>1828] kweliphakathi noKhahlamba nolwandle kanye noMzimvubu noBombo, zachithekela ngaphandle, zazamazisa izizwe engxenyeni enkulu yezwekazi maphakathi naseningizimu-mpumalanga kwelakwaSoshangane. Muva-nje sekunombono ongabazayo ngobuqiniso balo mlando[1]. Lo mbono uthi selokhu waphenjwa umbuso wakwaZulu uqhekekile, uyazamazama – umbango nodlame endlunkulu kanye nolaka nobuqhwaga ababusi abazehlukanisa ngabo kwabababusayo – ‘abantukazana´. Lo mbono uthi nakulezo zizwe ezasezizazi zizazisa zingezesizwe sakwaZulu, zaziwazisa umlando, ziwagcina amasiko athile ezazikade ziwagcina phambilini zingakanqotshwa zathobela umbuso omusha[2], lokho okuyinqubo ejwayelekile nokho ezimweni ezinjalo. Umphakathi wakwelakwaZulu unezingxabo eziningi ezijulile, unemixhantela namagatsha namaqabunga anhlobonhlobo – ubunye bawo buvela obanjiswaneni, ekubonelelaneni nasekwazisaneni phakathi kwemindeni eyayikade yehlukene, eminye yayo eyayikade ingadlelani, ihlekisana ihlomelene.
Nolwimi lwesiZulu lolu kunabathi luvele muva-nje ngezaba zabentumo kwezenkolo [missionaries] ababededelwé ngabombuso wamaNgisi eNatali ukuthi bazoshumayeza abomdabu, ‘baphenduke’, ‘bakholwe’, balandele imfundiso nenqubo yabakhokheli nabashumayezi babo. Ukuthi isiZulu sasikhulunywa ngaphambi nangaphandle kwakho konke lokho – sikhulunywa umphakathi iningi lawo elingazange liyingene-nje yonke leyo yokushunyayezwa nokuphucuzwa nanamuhla lokhu, bayakuziba.[3] Bagxila ngamabomu ikakhulukazi esikhathini esiphakathi kwempi yasOndini [1879] neyaseTshaneni [1884] kwabakubhalayo, lelo okuyithuba lapho uZulu ayexinwé wahlaselwa khona ngamaNgisi namaBhunu nezimpelesi zawo kuphindelelwa, wagcina enqotshiwe, laqhwagwa laphangwa nelalisasele elakwaZulu kwehlukaniselwana ngalo, bawuzibe wonke umlando owendulela lokho.
Ngezikhathi zokuqhwagwa nokudunwa kwezwe [colonialism] nezokubuswa ngendluzula yobandlululo nengcindezelo [apartheid] (1652-1994) kwakuvamile ukuthi kuqanjwe, kuxoxelwane imizekeliso engenabufakazi, ize igcine isiqoshwé phansi kwafundiswana ngayo, okungesilo iqiniso ngokomlando.
… siyaqhubeka!
nguBheni wakwaKhumalo eBaQulusini [Dr Ben Khumalo-Seegelken] weViyo leziKhuthali oBanjiswaneni lokuHumusha nokuBhala kabusha iBhaybheli ngesiZulu [Biblia Zuluensis] www.biblia-zuluensis.de ; >> uBanjiswano lokuKhuthaza ukuKhulunywa nokuBhalwa kwesiZulu eMphakathini
eminye yemiBiko ngemiZamo yokuCwaninga ngoMlando ngeZwe nangoMphakathi kwelakwaZulu:
[1]uJohn Wright noCarolyn Hamilton, ‘Traditions and Transformations: The Phongolo-Mzimkhulu Region in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries’, in Andrew Duminy and Bill Guest, [abahleli (editors)], Natal and Zululand from Earliest Times to 1910: A New History (eMgungundlovu [Pietermaritzburg]: University of Natal Press and Shuter & Shooter, 1989), 49-82; uCarolyn Hamilton noJohn Wright, ‘The Making of the amalala: Ethnicity, Ideology and Relations of Subordination in a Pre-Colonial Context’, South African Historical Journal, 22 (1990), 3-23; uJohn Wright noCarolyn Hamilton, ‘Ethnicity and Political Change Before 1840’, kuRobert Morrell, ed. [umhleli], Political Economy and Identities in KwaZulu-Natal: Historical and Social Perspectives (eThekwini [Durban]: Indicator Press, 1995), 15-32. Bheka futhi okulotshwé ngoCarolyn Hamilton noNessa Leibhammer [abahleli (editors)], Tribing and Untribing (eGoli [Johannesburg]: Wits University Press, in press [kusagxotshwa]).
[2]uJohn Wright, ‘Reflections on the Politics of Being Zulu’, in Ben Carton, John Laband and Jabulani Sithole, [abahleli (editors)], Zulu Identities: Being Zulu, Past and Present (Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2008), 35-43.
[3]uShula Marks, The Ambiguities of Dependence in South Africa: Class, Nationalism and the State in Twentieth-Century South Africa (eGoli [Johannesburg]: Ravan Press, 1986); uShula Marks, ‘Natal, the Zulu Royal Family and the Ideology of Segregation’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 4 (1978), 172-194; uNicholas Cope, To Bind the Nation: Solomon kaDinuzulu and Zulu Nationalism, 1913-^933, (eMgungundlovu [Pietermaritzburg]: University of Natal Press, 1993); uLeroy Vail, umhleli [editor], The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa (eLandani [London]: James Currey; eBerkeley: University of California Press, 1989), 14-15.