Umlando oqukethwe eNcwadini „abeHluleli“

nganeno nangaphesheya kweJoldani

Isiphetho esihlaba umxhwele seNcwadi uJoshwa ebesiyethula ebaleni elithi „Umlando ngokuqukethwe eNcwadini uJoshwa“  silandelwa umzamo ongaphumelelanga kahle hle wokwethula isihloko esisha seNcwadi „abeHluleli“ esibika ngokuqhubeka komlando wabakwaIzrayeli emva kokufika nokungenisa kwabo kwelaseKhenani.

Isahluko sokuqala [abeHluleli 1] sifundeka njengombiko ophindelela emuva, ezikhathini zokuqhwagwa nokuhlwithwa kwezwe, uxoxa ngezehlakalo nezigigaba emindenini nasezizwaneni ngazinye ugcine ungamphathanga sampela-nje uJoshwa.   Kuze kuthi endimeni yesithupha esahlukweni sesibili [abeHluleli 2,6] kube sengathi lo mbiko usuxhuma esahlukweni samashumi amabili nane kwekaJoshwa [Josh 24,28].  Endinyaneni encanyana esahlukweni sesibili [abeHluleli 2,6-10] kuthintwathintwa kafuphi ngokufa kukaJoshwa nangesiza sengcwaba lakhe kanye nesiphetho senkathi sentanga yakhe.  Sekulandela intanga entsha, engakwazi ukuzamekela nokuzithakasela izimangaliso nobuhle bezikhathi ezedlule. Ngokunjalo-ke iqala kahle hle esahlukweni sesibili [abeHluleli 2,11] indikimba yeNcwadi „abeHluleli“.

Isingeniso [abeHluleli 1,1-2,5] siqukethe imibiko nezingxoxo okwakungavamile ukuthi kuxoxelwane ngazo kanye nezinganekwane namahlaya mayelana nokuhlwithwa kwezwe.  Zifundeka njengesethasisela encwadini uJoshwa. Esahlukweni sokuqala [abeHluleli 1,1-21] kunambithwa izigigaba ezithile okwakuxoxelwana ngazo emindenini nasezizwanyaneni zakwaSimiyoni nesakwaJuda kanye nezinye zangaseningizimu (koOthniyeli noKhalebhu) bese kulandela umzekeliso ngokuvinjezelwa nokuthathwa komuzi iBhetheli.  Isiphetho sesahluko sokuqala [abeHluleli 1,23-36] sethula uhlu lwezindawo nemizi abehluleka abakwaIzrayeli ukugcina beyiqhwagile bayihlwitha kwabakhona, eyayisengeyabomdaba kwelaseKhenani nòma nje-ke okwangaleso sikhashana. Kubacwaningi kwezomlando woMbhalo lolu hlu lwaziwa ngelithi „uhlu lokungekho kukhona“.

Lezi ziqeshana ezichitshelelwe zaxhunyaniswa esahlukweni sokuqala zenza imizekeliso ngokuthathwa kwelaseKhenani izwakale ngomqondo omusha: Zenza kucace ukuthi ukwedlulela emibikweni nasezingxoxweni ezisencwadini uJoshwa, kunemizekeliso nemibiko yeminye imindeni nezizwanyana eyayaziwa ikakhulukazi mayelana nengxenye yezwe engaseningizimu. Incwadi uJoshwa ayiyiphathi neze-nje eyokuvinjezelwa nokuhlwithwa kwaleli osekwathiwa ngelakwaJuda kanye nelimaphakathi neNtshonalanga-Joldani.  Lapha-ke esahlukweni sokuqala sencwadi abeHluleli kwenazezelwa ukugcwalisa leso sikhala; „uhlu lokungekho kukhona“ luyakhombisa ukuthi, ikakhulukazi ezifundazweni okwakuzinzé kuzo abomdabu kwelaseKhenani kanye namaFilisti, baqala abakwazi nokulunguza-nje abakwaIzrayeli ekufikeni kwabo. Ezinye zalezi zifundazwe kwakuyizinqanawe ngezansi nemimango iYesreyeli enyakatho nezwe [abeHluleli 1,27] kanye neziningi ezinye izindawo nemizi eyayivikelekile phakathi nogu kanye nesifundazwe esinezintatshanyana esiya ngokwewuka size siyofika eJerusalema [abeHluleli 1,35] kanye nenqanawe eyaziwayo iGesera [abeHluleli 1,29]. Lolu hlu lwezindawo nemizi lukhombisa konke lapho abakwaIzrayeli bahamba bahamba bagcina behlaliselene njengomakhelwane nababendabuko kwelaseKhenani.

Le ndlela yokuhlalisana njengomakhelwane yiyona-ke futhi eyaba yisisusa sezingxabano nezinkinga ezikhathini ezalandelayo okuxoxwa ngazo encwadini abeHluleli.  Umlobi womlando, owayengumDutheronoma, ekulobeni kwakhe esahlukweni sesibili [abeHluleli 2,11-23] uxoxa njengophindaphindayo ngokwakuhlala kwenzeka athi: Wakhubeka uIzrayeli, wamhlubuka uMbusi [„uNkulunkulu“] wakhe, waphendukela kwabakhonzwa ngabakwelaseKhenani ikakhulukazi ababengabezenzalo oBhali noAstarthe. Kulokho uIzrayeli wajeziswa nguMbusi [„nguNkulunkulu“] wakhe ngokuthi ahlaselwe ngezinye izizwe.  Kodwa-ke nakhona lapho uMbusi [„uNkulunkulu“] kaIzrayeli wayeqakamelele – esebenza ngabeHluleli  ayebakhetha – ukuthi abakwaIzrayeli bagcine bekhululekile kwabebekade bebacindezele. Ngokunjalo babephinda futhi bakhubeke, baphambuke, bamfulathele kabusha; baphinde futhi bahlaselwe ngabakwezinye izizwe.  Lokho kwakwenzeka kuphindaphinda. Umlobi womlando wathola kulokho ithuba lokudedela uMehluleli ngoMehluleli, bevela bededelana, ukuthi athathe inkundla, kuxoxwe ngezaba nekhono lakhe.

Kuyangabazeka impela ukuthi umlando wenzeka ulandela lolu hlelo esixoxelwa ngalo.  Okuhloswé ngale ngxoxo nokho kusobala: Ngezikhathi zokufika kuzohlwithwa elaseKhenani abakwaIzrayeli babezibona besongelwa bezingelwa yizo zonke izizwe ababehlangana nababakhelene nazo, ingxenye yazo nayo yayizifikela nayo iqhamuka empumalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga njengabo, izifunela lapho ingazakhela khona.  EsakwaAmoni nesakwaMowabhi kanye – ngokuhamba kwesikhathi – esakwaEdomu zazikuleso simo. Ekuhlolisiseni indikimba yencwadi abeHluleli, eyiyona maphakathi nayo [abeHluleli 3,7 – 16,31] eyethula umongo wendaba, kuvela obala ukuthi yileyo naleyo ngxenye yezwe eyayikade isihlwithwé yaqhwagwa ngabakwaIzrayeli, yayihlalele ovalweni ngokusongelwa ngokuhlaselwa. Kukho konke lokho kubikwa ukuthi kwakuvela „uMehluleli“ owayesibiza asiqoqelanisele eduze nentunja yabahlosé ukungena bahlasele, bavinjwe bavimbeke.

„umeHluleli“ ngokwengqondo yale Ncwadi, kwakungunòma ngubani-nje obizwé ngoPhezukonke [„nguNkulunkulu“] oneso nesandla ekubutheni nasekuviviseni amabutho nasekuphakeni nasekuholeni impi. Kwakuvamé ukuthi amane abizwe engalindele-nje, adele umsebenzi wakhe ekade engumlimi noma umelusi, alandele ubizo. Ngenxa yesipho okwakuthiwa babesemukeliswé ngoPhezukonke, babaziswa, benogazi, behlonishwa „abeHluleli“ kwelakwaIzrayeli. Kukhona abanye esifunda ngabo nabo ababengabeHluleli kodwa bengaphathelene nezezimpi, bequla amacala, bathathe izinqumo ngezinhlawulo nezijeziso emacaleni, bagwebe abalahlwa yicala.  Bavela ezinhlwini ezimfushanyana ezimbili [abeHluleli 10,1-5;  12,8-15]; baziwa ngokuthi „ngabeHluleli abancane“ okungesibo laba abodumo okuthiwa „ngabeHluleli abakhulu“.  Lezi zinhlu zombili ziklaywa phakathi yingxoxo ngoJefta okuthiwa wayephethe inkonzo yokuba ngumeHluleli „omncane“ kanye neyokuba ngumeHluleli „omkhulu“.

Uhlu lwabeHluleli „abakhulu“ luqukethe la magama alandelayo esijobelelé kuwo izindawo ababevelé kuzo kanye nezitha ababekade bebhekené nazo:

1. uEhudi wakwelakwaBhenjamini owayebhekené nabakwaMowabhi [abeHluleli 3,12-30]
2. uBharaki wakwelakwaNaftali owayethwasé kuDebhora wakwelakwaEfrayimi, owayebhekené nabakwelaseKhenani elisenhla [abeHluleli 4 + 5]
3. uGidiyoni wakwelakwaManase owayebhekené nabakwaMidiyane [abeHluleli 6 – 8]
4. uJefta wakwelakwaGileyadi owayebhekené nabakwelakwaAmoni [abeHluleli 10,6 – 12,7]
5. uSamsoni wakwelakwaDani owayebhekené namaFilisti [abeHluleli 13 – 16]       |     Kunemibiko emfishane-nje ngalaba:
6. uOthniyeli okucatshangelwa ukuthi wayengowakwelakwaJuda, ebhekene namaAramu (?) [abeHluleli 3,7-11]
7. uIshamgari okucatshangelwa ukuthi wayengowaseBeth-Anathi, owayebhekené namaFilisti [abeHluli 3,31]  |    AbeHluleli „abancane“ abasezinhlwini zombili [abeHluleli 10,1-5; abeHluleli 12,8-15]:
8. uThola wakwelaseIsakhari
9. uJayiri wakwelakwaGileyadi
10. uIbzani waseBhethlehema
11. uEloni wakwelakwaZabuloni
12. uAbdoni wakwelakwaEfrayimi.

AbeHluleli „abakhulu“ nabeHluleli „abancane“ sebebonke bayishumi nambili – okuyisibalo okuzicacelayo-nje ukuthi simiswé ngenhloso ethile.

Le mizekeliso nemibiko kungenzeka ukuthi yavela kanje: Kwakuxoxelwana ngabathile okwakuthiwa babekade besenkonzweni yokuba ngabeHluleli ezifundazweni ezahlukene, kuxoxelwana ngezaba nangamacebo abo, laphaya nalaphaya inanjiswe ingxoxo kokunye kuze kwedlulele. Lokho kubonakala ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene noSamsoni owaziselwa ukunqoba enganamabutho nazikhali.

Owaziswa kakhulu futhi nguMehlulelikazi uDebhora owajuba uBharaki wakwelakwaNaftali empini kubhekenwe nabaseKhenani elisenhla. Kuxoxwa ngaye esahlukweni sesine; esahlukweni sesihlanu kuyaphindwa kuxoxwé ngaleso sigemegeme, ingxoxo isiyinkondlo osekuthiwa yezwakala iphuma emlonyeni kaDebhora luqobo. Le „Nkondlo kaDebhora“ ingenye yezingxenye ezimbala ezindala eziqukethwe eThestamenteni eliDala esimweni sazo sendabuko ngokungazange ziguqulwe. Lokho kubonakala ikakhulukazi ngelaka layo elisezingeni elinjulu kanye nokujiya kolwimi lwesiHebheru elotshwé ngalo.

Omunye oyingxaki nguAbimeleki esahlukweni sesishiyagalolunye [abeHluleli 9] owazama wehluleka ukuqhwagayisana nokunqoba umbusi waseSikhame lapho ayecothele isicoco sobukhosi bakhona, owayengesiye umeHluleli, wayeyivukelambuso-nje elaligciné lehlulekile.

Kofundayo kuba sengathi yilowo nalowo meHluleli wayeqoqa avivise „uIzrayeli wonke“ uma kubhekenwé nabahlaselayo. Lokho kudalwa yinhloso yomlobi wale milando, owayeloba elandela inqubo yobuDutheronoma lapho kwakufiswa khona ukuthi njalo abakwaIzrayeli babonakale bebumbene ekufezeni umgomo wokuqhwaga nokuhlwitha elaseKhenani, „elesethembiso“. Wayezama ukuthi yilowo nalowo mzekeliso nalowo nalowo mlando ezwa ngawo, awethule njengengxoxo ephathelene „noIzrayeli ephelele“. Kuliqiniso khona ukuthi kweziningi izimpi okwakwelekelela kuzo „abeHluleli“, kwakubambisene njalo imindeni nezizwanyana eziningi zabakwaIzrayeli. Kule mpi „iNkondlo kaDebhora“ ebalisa ngayo kuthiwa kwakubambisene imindeni nezizwanyana eziyisikhombisa; ziyanconywa bese kuthi lezi ezintathu ezazingekho kulwiwa, zisolwe, zigxekwe. Uma kukhulunywa „ngoIzrayeli wonkana“ kusuke kushiwo imindeni nezizwanyana eziyishumi uma inani lezizwe okuhlatshelelwa ngazo „eNkondlweni kaDebhora“ liqondakala ngale ndlela.

Kusobala ukuthi eNcwadini abeHluleli kuhlanganiswé amasiko nemizekeliso emidala neyasemandulo yemindeni neyezizwana ezahlukene. Nòma oyizekayo nowayilobayo le ngxoxo akwazi ukuyiqoqa ayibophelele mnyandweni munye onekhethelo-nje labayishumi nanye abeHluleli, kwakuyinhloso yakhe ukuthi isikhathi sokuqala ekufikeni nasekuqhwageni kwezwe ngabakwaIzrayeli kuxoxwe ngaso njengesikathi esasinezingozi nobunzima bokusongelwa nokuhlaselwa – kungesikho-nje ukuxozonyiswa ngabahlaselayo, kodwa kuwukuheheka kalula kokuphendukela ekukhonzeni izithixo zabezizwe okwakuxwaywé ukuthi kuyogcina kulethé ukulahlekelwa ubumo babo njengesizwe. Kulokho-ke nokho zonke izingxoxo zazisa ngamandla okunqoba oMbusi [„kaNkulunkulu“] kaIzrayeli owayephokophele ephokophelisisile, ngokusho „Nkondlo kaDebhora“ owaze wathi esezulwini phezulu waba mdibimunye namabutho, elwela isizwe sakhe [abeHluleli 5,20].

Izahluko zeshumi nesikhombisa kuya kwesamashumi amabili nanye [abeHluleli 17-21] kuthathwa ngokuthi ziyisethasiselo-nje. Izingxoxo eziningi zixhunywa zihlanganiswe ngamazwi aphindaphindwayo athi izigameko okuxoxwa ngakho zenzeka ngezikhathi „kungakabekwa nkosi kwelakwaIzrayeli“ [abeHluleli 18,1; abeHluleli 19,1], esahlukweni samashumi amabili nanye [abeHluleli 21,25] kuze kujotshelelwe kuthiwe „yilowo nalowo wayesazenzela-nje konke ngokuzicabangela nokuzibonela kwakhe“. Lokho kuchaza ukuthi leyo mizekeliso iphathelene nezigameko ezazisondele ezikathini okwakusekusebenza kuzo „abeHluleli“ kodwa-ke ingakabekwa le migomo nemithetho eyagcina isikhona.

Yileyo naleyo ngxoxo yayizivelele-nje ezimweni nasezikhathini ezehlukile kwezezinye. Isahluko seshumi nesikhombisa nesesishiyagalombili [abeHluleli 17 + 18] zibika ngezasemandulo kwabakwaDani ababekade beqhamuké ngasentshonalanga kwaseJerusalema, baqhubekela enyakatho nezwe baze bafika phansi kweHemoni lapho bafike bakha, bazinza khona. Isahluko seshumi nesishiyagalolunye kuya kwesamashumi amabili nanye [abeHluli 19-21] zibika ngezigemegeme ezingezinhle ezikhathini eziphambili kwelakwaBhenjamini ezikhombisa isidingo esasikhona sokuthi kushaywe imithetho kubekwe nemigomo ethile kwelakwaIzrayeli. Kwakungakabikho mbusi owayengakhuza noma ajezise. Sekuba kuso sona leso sizwe sakwaBhenjamini lapho umbusi wokuqala wakwelakwaIzrayeli evela khona, inkosi uSawuli.

Ngokunjalo-ke iNcwadi abeHluleli iyiqhuba ingxoxo ize iyofika esikhathini samaKhosi kwelakwaIzrayeli, okuyisikhathi okuxoxwa kabanzi ngaso eziNcwadini uSamweli sokuQala noSamweli wesiBili [Sam I + II].

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Umtapo wolwazi: isahluko esithi „Das Buch Josua“, encwadini „Die Schriften der Bibel. Entstehung und Botschaft“ elotshwé ngoSiegfried Herrmann noWalter Klaiber, yashiciselwa yiNhlangano yeBhaybheli yaseJalimane [Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft], eStuttgart ngowe-1996, ISBN 3-438-06207-0, kusukela ekhasini lamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu kuya kwelamashumi ayisithupha nesishiyagalolunye [65-69]; sihunyushelwé esiZulwini nguBheni wakwaKhumalo eBaQulusini eViyweni leziKhuthali oBanjiswaneni lokuHumusha nokuBhala kabusha iBhaybheli ngesiZulu [Biblia Zuluensis] https://www.biblia-zuluensis.de/ ;   >> uBanjiswano lokuKhuthaza ukuKhulunywa nokuBhalwa kwesiZulu eMphakathini

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